Gambia’s eminent Luntango misread the provisions on amending the Constitution

In a shrunken global community thanks to the Internet, word gets around pretty fast. As I arrived Demba Doo [Sukuta] from Dabnani [Gunjur] on Sunday evening, a clearly agitated friend called to say I must respond to a critique against my contention that the National Assembly’s (NA) purported amendment of section 62(1)(b) of the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of The Gambia (the Constitution) was an unlawful special measure that, for now, cannot positively assist the vice presidential quest of Aja Fatoumata Jallow-Tambajang.

To my protestation I had urgent matters to conclude, and that this can wait, he insisted on an immediate response on the grounds that silence, or delay, or failure to reply could be interpreted negatively. NAWEC plunged my part of Sukuta into darkness until about midnight by which time I was drifting into sleep and in no mental shape to join battle with the combative former Managing Director of the Observer Media Company, illustrious propagandist with some level of access to the rarefied inner core of public power in the former dispensation. The cause of my friend’s angst was none other than Gambia’s Luntango Suun Gann Gi, real name Dida Halake, distinguished man of letters, and teacher of English to the native English. His aura as a communication specialist notwithstanding, Halake spectacularly lost his bearings in the labyrinth of the Constitution.

I reemphasise my thesis that notwithstanding the erroneous Executive conduct in shepherding a purported amending Bill, and the incomprehensible Legislative temerity in voting for it, section 62(1)(b) of the Constitution was not amended.

Now for the chapter and verse of the pertinent law in the precise words of the Constitution:-
“CHAPTER XXII – Amendment of the Constitution
226:- Alteration of this Constitution
Subject to the provisions of this section, an Act of the National Assembly may alter this Constitution.
(2), “Subject to subsection (4), a Bill for an Act of the National Assembly under this section shall not be passed by the National Assembly or presented to the President for assent unless:-
before the first reading of the Bill in the National Assembly, the Bill is published in at least two issues of the Gazette, the latest publication being not less than three months after the first, and the Bill is introduced into the National Assembly not earlier than ten days after the latest publication, and the Bill is supported on the second and third readings by the votes of not less than three-quarters of all the members of the National Assembly.”

From the above, there is no issue whatsoever that the architecture of Constitutional amendment/alteration is exclusively sourced in section 226 (see subsection 1). Any attempt to amend the Constitution outside section 226 denotes a conclusively futile journey. Section 226(1) may be referred to as the exclusivity provision on amending/altering the Constitution.
It is noteworthy that the Constitution has general and entrenched provisions with the amendment procedures for the latter more onerous and involved, a primary reason no one ever tinkered with the ‘obnoxious’ – from a totalitarian perspective – fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter IV. Section 226(2) deals with amending the general provisions of the Constitution and a minimum of one hundred days is required for the lawful amendment of any section of the document, an implicit reminder of the apt saying that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. In other words, the ambit of public power must be constrained in a manner that defangs transient majorities and restrains a wholesale abuse of the public trust by baseless amendments to the supreme law of the land.

Driving home this point, section 226(4), dealing with the amending procedure for the exceptional democratic values, is grounded in concrete and supported with multiple layers of protection. Subsection 4 states that “A Bill for an Act of the National Assembly altering any of the provisions referred to in subsection (7) shall not be passed by the National Assembly or presented to the President for assent unless:-
the Bill is published and introduced in the manner required by paragraph (a) of subsection (2);
the Bill is supported on the second and third readings by the votes of not less than three-quarters of all the members of the National Assembly;
the Bill has been referred by the Speaker to the Independent Electoral Commission and the Commission has, within six months of such reference, held a referendum on the Bill; and
at least fifty per cent of the persons entitled to vote in the referendum have taken part in the referendum and the Bill is supported in the referendum by at least seventy five per cent of those who voted”.

The foregoing subsection delineates the amendment procedure for entrenched provisions, those sections of the Constitution ring fenced and accorded additional safeguards against excess by transient majorities. No amendment of an entrenched provision (see 226(7) for the full list) is permissible without the direct input of the people via a mandatory referendum.

In his final pitch to the jury, Luntango contended that “THE AGE AMENDMENT IS NOT IN THE “PROVISION” IN SUBSECTION (7) – and therefore DOES NOT require the 3-months Gazetting!” This is an utter misperception of the law! It is not under 226(7) because 62(1)(b) is not an entrenched provision and comes under the general amending procedure outlined in 226(2).

Luntango’s clients must get their money back for presenting so hopeless a defence to the jury. I recommend that they negotiate future briefs on constitutional questions with his Chambers on a “no win no fee” basis.
Over to the jury!

Lamin J. Darbo

NOTE FOR DAWDA
Please note I did not write the “the unconstitutionality of the Constitution” you were referring to. I earlier drew your attention to the issue but you must have over sighted it.

Ends